History of Israel and the Holy Land 332 B.C. to 70 A.D. Essay

The Period from 332 B. C. to 70 A. D. refers to the age of Hellenism low the form of horse parsley the Great, mightiness of Macedonia. The period 332 B. C. marked the conquest of Judea by the Grecians, which by and by imposed the dissemination of the Grecian office of vitality, taxation, and scotch activities designed to scram economic gains. After the death of black lovage, his generals divided the empire and consequently fought eachplace his empire. Judah fell beneath direct operate on of Ptolemy 1 of Egypt, and he did not seriously interfered in its religious affairs (Chapin, H. 988, Paragraph 1 Hellenism and the roman letters conquest). However, after Ptolemy 1s death, his successor was supplanted by the Seleucids of Syria, and in 175 B. C. Antiochus IV grabbed power. He then orchestrated a lead against Judaism and in 167 B. C. he went and sacked the temple, (which was strengthened in 520 B. C. ) of all its curious belongings. This utter desecration and gros s violation of the temple motivated a successful Judaic uprising under the able leadership of Judas Maccabaeus.He then established a theocratic government, which saw the deepen of the Hasmonean Dynasty under the leadership of Simon Maccabaeus who was at the same time the spiritual leader, piece the High Priest, and the commander-in-chief of the military. The climax of the Romans more than half a century later saw the rise of the chief non-Christian priests to power and the redden uptual destruction of the temple in 70 A. D. in the hands of the Romans.The Second Temple 332 B. C. to 70 A. D. The Jewish connection rose to power comparable in scope to the ancient Davidic ground under Hasmonean Dynasty, although twain religious and political discord is soaring betwixt the Pharisees, who were the interpreters of the written law and the Sadducees, the aristocratic hieratical class who implements strict respectfulness to the written law. However, with the coming of the Romans in 65 B. C. Jerusalem fell in the hands of the Romans, which ended the eighty years of independent Jewish sovereignty and heralded the period of Roman domination of Israel, which began just the same period.The Romans decreed Herod, an Idumaean, as a puppet king of Judah. His appointment as king of the Jews was subsequently confirmed by the Roman Senate in 37 B. C. He then rebuilt and magnified the platform of the temple and constructed many important buildings much(prenominal) as palaces, theater, citadel, hippodrome, and agora modeled after both the classic and Roman architecture. An internet article published by Planet W ar . com entitle Jerusalem, Israel cited that after Herods death in 4 B. C. Jerusalem was under the care of the high priests, which was under Roman Procurators (Planet Ware, Par. 2). Chapin noted that Rome grant the Jew religious autonomy as well as some legislative and judicial rights through the Sanhedrin (Chapin, par. 5, Hellenism and the Roman Conqu est). The second temple played a great role in the so-called city of the high priest that is, referring to the prominence of the Jewish religious leaders during this time.The Great Sanhedrin made the temple mount in Jerusalem the seat of both the religious and judicial powers vested upon them by the Roman Procurators. Their scope of authority includes religious, political, and legal authority such as trying a high priest, supervising certain rituals, and even declaring war (Chapin). This religious and judicial body was primarily composed of priestly Sadducees, which whitethorn be numbering of about seventy-one sages. The Sanhedrins realize and judicial authority ended with the rise to power of Agrippa 1 in 41 to 44 B. C.The grand son of Herod 1 the Great, Agrippa 1 widen the city northward by constructing the third wall. However, the fanatical sect of the Jewish nationalist movement cognise as the zealot challenged the Roman control of Judah in A. D. 66. This uprising brought the Roman legions to a protracted siege, which was carried out by Vespasian, the Roman commander in Judah. The revolt however was crushed by his son Titus in A. D. 70 and Jerusalem and the second temple was undo by the Romans (Chapin) Hellenism and the Jews (Evaluations and Commendations)Hellenization, according to an internet article authorize Celtic and Medeterranean fundamental interaction is the process by which non-Greeks were made more or less Greeks, assimilated into Greek finishing if not acculturated. The article noted that the extent of Hellenization during the time of Alexander reach even further to the lands of the Barbarians (Celtic and Mideterranean Interaction). The article cited that Greeks abroad carried with them any well-disposed function that could help in advancing Greekness and they were more emphatically consciously Greeks and built cities and towns introducing urban structures and new ideas.Chapin pointed out that despite of the strong emphasis on priestly rule and Judaism, Jewish society was greatly influenced by the Greek Hellenism, particularly cities like Jerusalem, except in their adherence to monotheistic faith. However, invigoration in the provinces and rural areas was comparatively unchanged (Chapin). Jerusalem subtly as yet speedily adopted the Greek culture particularly the Greek language, games and sports, and even the early literature of the new faith, Christianity (Chapin, Par. ). According to an internet article entitled The Impact of Hellenism on the Jews, though Hellenism was neither offensive nor beneficial yet it poses serious challenge to Judaism (Old Testament History, Par. 1). The article noted that Hellenistic culture presents serious threats to Judaism in the same way that idolatry of the Canaanites neighbor of the Pre-Exilic Israel served as a great temptation, which had caused their nations destruction and later Diasporas.The shock of Hellenism on Post Exilic Israel was difficult them to resist in stay tru e to their faith as Hellenism offers relief from laborious struggle for existence. Hellenism viewed life as a continuous series of social festivities, comforts, and ease. It was under Hellenistic period that public places for eating and bathing was offered to the public with customary harmony of strings such as the harp (O. T. History, par. 7) which immediately may be characterized by the restaurants and public swimming pools.Great public libraries, potential economic opportunities, and sophisticated Greek education would have strong appeal to may nobler Jews and merchants, which made the Hellenistic way of life easily acceptable. On the former(a) hand, conservative Jews particularly Palestinian Jews were not impressed by the social and cultural call downs brought about by Hellenism, courtesy of the Greeks. These conservatives despised the Hellenized Jews on the movement that they had compromised their religion.An internet article entitled The Church History cited that the Helle nized Jews were forbidden in the temple rather they were directed to attend Greek- communicateing synagogues to hear and understand the Torah being read in Greek as they could no longer speak nor understand Hebrew. The purpose therefore, of Hellenization was to assimilate every culture, or the assimilation of every nations culture under one culture, the Greek culture, is not only a brilliant idea or military strategy if indeed it can be categorized in that way, rather, it is highly advance idea designed to rule the demesne in utmost love-in-idleness and economic prosperity.This impact could have changed the course of memoir had Alexander waitlonger than he had lived. It cannot be denied that the influence of Hellenism fluid benefits todays generations and the idea of hellenization still dominates the society in many ways. Interpretation Hellenism was a subtle way of conquering the world. Alexander may have conquered much of the known world during his time but his military and political leadership did not live long enough to achieve what he desired, to conquer the world.Perhaps Hellenism was mean by Alexander for a peaceful conquest. Indeed, his model Hellenistic confederacy in Alexandria, Egypt was meant to attract the known civilizations of the benefit of Hellenization. True to his intention, the world was conquered by the Greeks not by swords and spears or by sheer military deposit but by festivities, by cultural and educational advancement, and by economic opportunities Hellenism offers. Today, the Greek influence still remains after thousands of years in many aspects of the social and cultural life, including arts.Hellenization can be compared to the idea of the democracy promoted by the remaining super power of the world today. By Hellenizing the known world, Alexander can build an alliance with many countries just like the idea of democracy. In other words the same concept in promoting democracy lies in the Hellenization. It symbolized the heg emonic power of Greece under the leadership of Alexander the Great. Conclusions The history of Israel from 332 B. C. up to 70 A. D. as a monument of Greece rise to power, and control of the world, at the height of their glory, as well as the marks of Israels resurgence to power which they so longed, under the Hasmonean dynasty, although this period marks both rise and fall of the three nations involve, its most important contribution in human civilizations was the spread of Hellenism, which truly brought not only economic benefits, but also culturally and socially, and the developments of sports. Hellenism has brought much contribution that even the generation of today is benefiting.The many borrowed words that help us understand meanings of the fast events are just one of the many benefits of Hellenization. Hellenization therefore symbolizes the hegemony of the Greek nation as well as Alexanders desire to rule the world in peace and in prosperity as by acculturation and assimilati on, it would have mean no boundaries or no enemies, rather it promotes uniformity and cooperation among nations. The blessings of democracy that we now enjoy may be compare to the blessings of Hellenism had Alexander livelonger.