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Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Hate Crimes and the Homosexual Community Essay

Abstr mo gentlemans gentlemanpowertIn this paper I am talking ab kayoed loathe wickednesss against the Lesbian, Gay, Bi knowledgeable and transgender (LGBT) community. I confront that though shun crimes be classified as crimes that ar evoked by versed preference, race, individualism, gender, or religion. abhor crimes be much third e rural bea amongst the festive and transgender hands. I steer relegates with highest conviction rate in 2012. I withal usher the upward dispose in add up since 2005 until now. I maintain explanations as to who bills these crimes and why. Lastly I portray the progression of time and how prejudice and despise crimes although upward in numbers be re entirelyy being accepted in our communities.Hate crimes and the pederastic community later on the Civil war the Govern workforcet passed the maiden Hate crime law in America. Recently, in 2009 sexual penchant, gender, gender identity, and deterrent were added to the categories c overed by the law. concord to ( Stotzer,2012) these crimes are more than than common among homosexual custody and the transgendered community, because nigh nauseate crimes are play by heterosexual workforce. Even though lesbian wo manpower are victims of scorn crimes, statistics show that detest crimes are more common among homosexual men and the transgendered community, because heterosexual men rank virtually dislike crimes (Stotzer, 2012). Studies also find that twenty in 200,000 lesbians, homo men and bisexuals describe being victims of dislike crimes. 52 in 200,000 gay men describe being victims of despise crimes. to date only twenty in 200,000 reported being victims of hate crimes.Hate plagues against Homosexual and TransgenderedThere were 15,351 anti-homosexual hate crime offenses during 2002-2011. (Potok, 2012, para. ). According to the (Intelligence Report, winter 2010, Issue Number 140. The numbers show that gay men are two times more probablyto suffer a violent hate crime attack than Jews. Gays are 3 times more belike to be attacked than blacks, and five times more likely than Muslims. FBI reports swear that hate crimes against gay men work been on the rise since 2005. lurid hate crimes against LGBT people grew by 48 percent from 2005 until 2011. In 2010 Census.gov shows that half of all hate crimes were based on sexual orientation bias (Census.Gov, 2010). In 2011 reports show that there were 26 transgendered murders reported in the ground forces alone. In 2010 the Uniform offense Reporting Survey in USA found that approximately 75% of sexual-orientation tie in hate crimes were of a violent nature.(Stozer, 2010) physiological enquiry on Straight work force Who Kill or Physically injury HomosexualsMison (year) states that a murderous personal reaction toward gay men should be considered an irrational and idiosyncratic characteristic of the defendant and should non be allowed to bolster the alleged reasonableness of the d efendants act(Dressler, 1995, p.4). Helena L. Alden and Karen F. Parker also state that homophobia and gender stratification instantaneously influences the incidents of hate crime victimization (Alden, Parker, 2004). heap who commit hate crimes are not limited to exclusively mostly are Caucasian lower-class men who commit the crimes for fun or simply in resentment toward a certain ag classify (Comstock 1991 60-62 McDevitt and Levin 1993). Studies say that most men who commit these crimes have no physiological defects or problems. This means that these men are committing these hate crimes knowing exactly what they are doing. These studies finally prove that the victim is not at fault for the attack. These crimes are being connected proscribed of sheer hate, hence the ring Hate crimes.Examples of Hate Crimes against HomosexualsMatthew ShepardIn 1998 the good-for-naught and horrifying murder of Matthew Shepard woke people up to just how serious hate crimes are getting. Matthew Shepard was only 21 years old. He was first robbed, indeed beaten indoors inches of his life and left for dead by two men. The two men told shepherd they were Homosexual and wanted to hang out with him. Matthew went with them and was led to a desert where he was beat to death. They did not charge the men with a hate crime so it kept them from receiving the maximum punishment.Following the worry and emotion evoked by Matthew Shepards death Peoples eye begin to open, both in the prevalent and in the political office. 11 years after Matthews murder Obama passed an act to include sexual orientation, identity and gender. In honor of Mathew this act was named after him and jam Byrd Jr. The exertion is the first federal law to extend legal protections to transgender persons (James, 1998).Gwen AraujoGwen Araujo innate(p) Edward Eddie Araujo was a pre-operative transgender teen. Eddie was born as a boy and began living life as a girl at the get along of 14. Her name was legally c hanged to Gwen Amber move Araujo two years after her death. In the early hours of Oct. 4, 2002, Gwen was killed by a group of men in her hometown of Newark, California then buried in a home-brewed grave after they found out she was born antheral. The men were convicted of second gear-degree murder in connection to the killing of Gwen Araujo who was beaten, tied up and strangled, according to previous media reports. (Heinrich, 2006) States That Have Highest localise of Hate Crimes against Homosexuals New York and California are the two states with the highest anti-gay hate crime range.in 2011 in California a three fourths of hate crimes were motivated by the sexual orientation of the victims.The majority of hate crime reported in that category targeted gay men. These crimes endure to disproportionately affect LGBT people of color, (Marroquin, 2012, p. ). The second highest state is New York with a dowery of 19.6 in 2010 and 39.4 in 2011. (Lovett, 2011). In 2011, the most comm on reported types of bias demand in hate crime incidents come to race/ ethnicity religion, and sexual orientation booster cable at 40.6 percent.(Lovett,2011). Incidents with a sexual orientation bias increased 15 percent, from 119 in 2010 to 167 in 2011 (Lovett,2012). Consequences of hate crimes and conviction ratesHaider (2001) states that Hate crime polity death penalty is shaped by the support and efforts of officers, the tractability of the problem, the support of police leaders, and the presence of state hate crime policies, police resources, and universe opinion.(p.1). The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 required the U.S. Department of Justice to collect information on incidenceof hate crimes. This Act was passed by Bush in 1990. As a response to the murders of Matthew Shepard president Obama passed the most recent act in 2009. This blame helps protect the LGBT community against hate crimes. Hate crime laws seems to be good but due to lack of enforcement a dispens e has still gone undone. There are still many hate crimes undecided as well as unreported. number have not gone piling but, they have gone up. (Parfaite-Claude, 2012). Conviction range are shockingly low. According the lawyer Generals Report, only 51% of cases filed as Hate Crimes result in Convictions.ConclusionIn conclusion, No take what state you are in the statistics say that anti-gay hate crimes are leading in numbers. Sadly, Crime against persons is number one. Second is crime against Property. What mustiness be taken into devotion is that more than half of anti- gay hate crimes are not reported, Due to fear, pride, or embarrassment. Although America has come a foresighted way with its hate crime laws and convictions, something more must be done. The enforcers of the law must do their jobs and remain loyal to their promises to their communities. In effect the people will aspect more protected, which will in one shot help them to feel more flourishing in reporting cr imes. The key to overcoming hate crimes is to overcome hate.ReferencesGay men more likely victims of hate crimes. (2012, May 23). stormy City Times Altschiller, D. (2009). Hate crimes V.1 agreement and defining hate crime v.2 The consequences of hate crime v.3 The victims of hate crime v.4 Hate crime offenders v.5 Responding to hate crime. Choice, 46(12), 2418-2418. Brownworth, V. A. (1992, Hate crimes Confronting wildness against lesbians and gay men. Lambda Book Report, 3, 34-34. Coker, C. T. (2011). Hope-fulfilling or efficaciously chilling? reconciling the hate crimes cake act with the first amendment. Vanderbilt Law Review, 64(1), 271-299 Dressler, J. (1995). When heterosexual men kill homosexual men Reflections of provocation law, sexual advances, and the reasonable man standard. ledger of Criminal Law & Criminology, 85(3), 726-726. Fernandez, J. M. (1991). legal transfer Hate Crime into Focus-The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-275. Harvard Civil Rig hts-CivilLiberties Law Review, 26(1), 33. Haider-Markel, D. P. (2001). Implementing Controversial Policy results from a subject survey of law enforcement department practise on hate crime. Justice investigate and Policy, 3(1), 29-62. Herdt, G. (1995). The protection of gay and lesbian callowness hate crimes The rising tide of superstition and bloodshed by tinkers damn levin and jack McDevitt / violence against lesbians and gay men by gary david comstock. Harvard Educational Review, 65(2), 315-315 Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. rate of flow Directions in Psychological Science, 9(1), 19-22. Heidenreich, L. (2006). LEARNING FROM THE terminal OF GWEN ARAUJO?Transphobic Racial Subordination and Queer Latina natural selection in the Twenty-First Century. Chicana/Latina Studies, 50-86. Hoffman, S. W. (2011). Last night, I prayed to matthew Matthew shepard, homosexuality, and popular martyrdom in modern-day america. Religion and American Culture R & AC, 21(1), 121-164. Lampinen, T. M., PhD., Chan, K., Anema, A., Miller, M. L., R.N., Schilder, A. J., Schechter, Martin T,M.D., PhD., . . . Strathdee, S. A., PhD. (2008). Incidence of and risk factors for sexual orientation-related somatogenic assault among young men who have sex with men. American Journal of humans Health, Mariana Marroquin(2011), L.A. Gay & Lesbian Centers Anti-Violence Project. Martin, S. E. (1995). A cross-burning is not just an fire-raising Police social construction of hate crimes in baltimore county. Criminology, 33(3), 303-30398(6), 1028-35 Morin, S. F. (1977). Heterosexual bias in psychological research on lesbianism and male homosexuality. American Psychologist, 32(8), 629. Nadine, R. R., & Davison, G. C. (2002). Articulated thoughts about antigay hate crimes. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(4), 431-447. Nolan,James J., I.,II, Akiyama, Y., & Berhanu, S. (2002). The hate crime statistics act of 1990 Developing a method for measuring stick the occurrence of hate violence. The American behavioral Scientist, 46(1), 136-153. Parfaite-Claude, D. (2012). Gay-bashing, interrupted the effects of the presence of state hate crime statutes on the preponderance of hate crimes against gay individuals. Stotzer, R. L. (2008). Gender identity and hate crimes Violence against transgender people in los angeles county. informality Research & Social Policy, 5(1), 43-52. Stotzer, R. L. (2010). Sexual orientation-based hate crimes on campus The impact of policy on reporting rates. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 7(3), 147-154Tejeda, M. J. (2004). Egalitarianism and self-esteem as correlates of hate ideation against gay men and lesbians. Journal of Multicultural Nursing & Health, 10(1), 42-50 Wilson, M. S., & Ruback, R. B. (2003). Hate crimes in pennsylvania, 1984-99 Case characteristics and police responses*. Justice every quarter JQ, 20(2), 373-398

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